What Are Bipolar Disorders?

Bipolar disorders are mood disorders characterized by alternating episodes of mania (or hypomania) and depression. These shifts can affect energy, activity levels, sleep, behavior, and judgment, significantly impacting daily functioning and quality of life.

Common Types

• Bipolar I Disorder: At least one manic episode, which may be preceded or followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes.

• Bipolar II Disorder: At least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode, without full manic episodes.

• Cyclothymic Disorder: Chronic, fluctuating mood disturbances with periods of hypomanic and mild depressive symptoms lasting at least two years.

Signs & Symptoms

• Manic/Hypomanic Episodes:

  • Elevated or irritable mood

  • Increased energy or activity

  • Reduced need for sleep

  • Rapid speech and racing thoughts

  • Impulsivity and poor decision-making

• Depressive Episodes:

  • Persistent sadness or hopelessness

  • Loss of interest in activities

  • Changes in appetite or sleep

  • Fatigue or low energy

  • Feelings of worthlessness or suicidal thoughts

Causes & Risk Factors

• Genetics: Strong hereditary component; family history increases risk.

• Brain Structure & Neurotransmitters: Imbalances in dopamine, serotonin, and other chemicals.

• Environmental Triggers: Stressful life events, substance use, or major changes in routine.

• Medical Conditions: Thyroid imbalances or neurological disorders can influence mood stability.

Diagnosis & Assessment

A thorough evaluation by a licensed provider includes:

1. Clinical Interview: Detailed history of mood episodes, duration, and functional impact.

2. Mood Rating Scales: Tools like the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) or Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ).

3. Medical Evaluation: Rule out physical causes (e.g., thyroid tests).

4. Collateral Input: With consent, information from family or close contacts to verify mood changes.

Treatment & Management

1. Medication

   • Mood Stabilizers: Lithium, valproate

   • Antipsychotics: Quetiapine, lurasidone

   • Adjunctive Treatments: Antidepressants (with caution) or anxiolytics

2. Psychotherapy

   • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Addresses negative thought patterns and coping strategies.

   • Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT): Focuses on stabilizing daily routines and relationships.

   • Family-Focused Therapy: Educates loved ones and improves communication.

3. Lifestyle & Self-Care

   • Maintain consistent sleep–wake schedule

   • Regular exercise and balanced nutrition

   • Stress-management techniques (meditation, relaxation exercises)

   • Mood tracking with journals or apps

Helpful Resources

• Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance (DBSA)
  https://www.dbsalliance.org/

• National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH): Bipolar Disorder
  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/bipolar-disorder

• American Psychiatric Association (APA): Bipolar Disorder
  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/bipolar-disorders

• MentalHealth.gov: Bipolar Disorder
  https://www.mentalhealth.gov/what-to-look-for/bipolar-disorder

Book an Appointment

• Telehealth Sessions: Secure online evaluations and follow-ups—schedule at https://fortifiedmindsgroup.com/contact

• In-Person Visits: Available in Virginia—find providers at https://fortifiedmindsgroup.com/providers