Panic Disorder
Panic disorder is characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks together with persistent concern about additional attacks or changes in behavior related to them. Panic symptoms can feel overwhelming and may lead people to avoid driving, crowds, stores, work, travel, exercise, or other situations associated with previous attacks.
What Is a Panic Attack?
A panic attack is a sudden surge of intense fear or discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes. Symptoms can occur even when there is no obvious danger.
Common Symptoms
- Racing or pounding heartbeat
- Shortness of breath or a feeling of choking
- Chest discomfort
- Dizziness, trembling, sweating, or chills
- Nausea or abdominal discomfort
- Numbness or tingling
- Feeling detached from yourself or your surroundings
- Fear of losing control, dying, or experiencing another attack
How Panic Disorder Is Evaluated
A psychiatric evaluation considers the timing and frequency of attacks, anticipatory anxiety, avoidance behaviors, sleep, mood, substance or stimulant use, medications, medical history, and the degree to which symptoms interfere with daily life. Because symptoms such as chest pain, palpitations, dizziness, and shortness of breath can also have medical causes, appropriate medical evaluation may be necessary, particularly for new, severe, or atypical symptoms.
Treatment Options
Treatment is individualized. Evidence-based approaches commonly include psychotherapy, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and medication when clinically appropriate. Treatment may also address sleep, caffeine or stimulant intake, substance use, stress, avoidance patterns, and co-occurring conditions such as depression or other anxiety disorders.
Medication selection depends on the individual’s symptoms, medical history, other medications, prior treatment response, potential adverse effects, and preferences. Medication is not automatically required for every person with panic symptoms.
What Can Help Between Appointments?
- Track panic attacks, triggers, duration, and associated symptoms.
- Practice coping skills learned in therapy rather than progressively avoiding feared situations.
- Maintain consistent sleep and daily routines when possible.
- Discuss caffeine, nicotine, supplements, stimulants, alcohol, and other substances with your clinician because they may affect symptoms.
When to Seek Urgent Medical Care
Do not assume that every episode of chest pain, severe shortness of breath, fainting, or other acute physical symptoms is caused by anxiety. New or severe symptoms, a medical emergency, or an immediate risk of harm should be evaluated urgently. Call 911 or seek emergency care when appropriate.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is a panic attack the same as panic disorder?
No. A person can experience a panic attack without meeting criteria for panic disorder. Diagnosis depends on the overall pattern of symptoms and their impact.
Can panic disorder occur with depression or other anxiety conditions?
Yes. A comprehensive evaluation considers co-occurring psychiatric and medical conditions that may affect treatment planning.
Can panic disorder improve with treatment?
Evidence-based treatment can reduce panic symptoms and avoidance for many people, although response and treatment needs vary by individual.
Schedule an Evaluation
If recurrent panic attacks or fear of future attacks are interfering with daily life, a psychiatric evaluation can help clarify the diagnosis and appropriate treatment options.
Book an appointment or learn more about our therapy services and psychiatric medication management.